Movies - Tamil - New. Incoming search terms: vellai roja; vellai roja songs; vellai roja film mp3 songs free download; vellai roja song; Vellai roja songs free download; vellai roja songs. Tamil Nadu - Wikipedia. Tamil Nadu (Tamil pronunciation: IPA: . Its capital and largest city is Chennai (formerly known as Madras). Various All Songs Available to Download at DjPunjab.Com Various Best Songs latest Various New Songs Free djpunjab Various top 20 songs Various top songs.It is bounded by the Eastern Ghats on the north, by the Nilgiri, the Anamalai Hills, and Kerala on the west, by the Bay of Bengal in the east, by the Gulf of Mannar and the Palk Strait on the southeast, and by the Indian Ocean on the south. The state shares a maritime border with the nation of Sri Lanka. Tamil Nadu is the eleventh- largest state in India by area and the sixth- most populous. The state was ranked sixth among states in India according to the Human Development Index in 2. India with . In addition, its people have developed and continue classical arts, classical music, and classical literature. Historic buildings and religious sites include Hindu temples of Tamil architecture, hill stations, beach resorts, multi- religious pilgrimage sites, and eight UNESCO World Heritage Sites. History. In Adichanallur, 2. Tirunelveli, archaeologists from the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) unearthed 1. Neolithic period, 3,8. The ASI archaeologists have proposed that the script used at that site is . Adichanallur has been announced as an archaeological site for further excavation and studies. About 6. 0 per cent of the total epigraphical inscriptions found by the ASI in India are from Tamil Nadu, and most of these are in the Tamil language. According to epigraphist Iravatham Mahadevan, this was the first datable artefact bearing the Indus script to be found in Tamil Nadu. Mahadevan claimed that the find was evidence of the use of the Harappan language, and therefore that the . The date of the celt was estimated at between 1. BCE and 2. 00. 0 BCE. Numismatic, archaeological and literary sources corroborate that the Sangam period lasted for about six centuries, from 3. BC to AD 3. 00. Three dynasties, namely the Chera, Chola and Pandya, ruled the area of present- day Tamil Nadu and Kerala.
The Chera ruled the whole of present- day Kerala and parts of western Tamil Nadu comprising Coimbatore, Dharmapuri, Karur, Salem and Erode districts from the capital of Vanchi Muthur (thought to be modern day Karur). The Chola dynasty ruled the northern and central parts of Tamil Nadu from their capital, Uraiyur; and the Pandya dynasty ruled southern Tamil Nadu, from capitals at Korkai and Madurai. All three dynasties had extensive trade relationships with Rome, Greece, Egypt, Ceylon, Phoenicia, Arabia, Mesopotamia and Persia. Trade flourished in commodities such as spices, ivory, pearls, beads and gems. Chera traded extensively from Muziris on the west coast, Chola from Arikamedu and Puhar and Pandya through Korkai port. A Greco- Roman trade and travel document, the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea (c. AD 6. 0 – 1. 00) gives a description of the Tamil country and its ports. Besides these three dynasties, the Sangam era Tamilakam (Tamil homeland) was also divided into various provinces named 'nadu', meaning 'country'. Sangam literature refers these provinces as . The period of their rule is sometimes referred to as the . The Kalabhras were expelled by the Pallavas, Mutharaiyar, Badami Chalukyas and Pandyas in the 6th century. Megalithic Sarcophagus burial from Tamil Nadu. Virampatnam jewellery from funerary burial, 2nd century BC, Tamil Nadu. Souttoukeny jewellery, 2nd century B. C. Tamil Nadu. Map of ancient oceanic trade, and ports of Tamilakam. Bhakti Movement. The Bhakti Movement was a rapid growth of bhakti beginning in this region with the Saiva. Nayanars (4th–1. 0th centuries). The Pallavas ruled parts of South India with Kanchipuram as their capital. Tamil architecture reached its peak during Pallava rule. Narasimhavarman II built the Shore Temple which is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Much later, the Pallavas were replaced by the Chola dynasty as the dominant kingdom in the 9th century and they in turn were replaced by the Pandyan Dynasty in the 1. The Pandyan capital Madurai was in the deep south away from the coast. They had extensive trade links with the south east Asian maritime empires of Srivijaya and their successors, as well as contacts, even formal diplomatic contacts, reaching as far as the Roman Empire. During the 1. 3th century, Marco Polo mentioned the Pandyas as the richest empire in existence. Temples such as the Meenakshi Amman Temple at Madurai and Nellaiappar Temple at Tirunelveli are the best examples of Pandyan temple architecture. The Pandyas excelled in both trade and literature. They controlled the pearl fisheries along the south coast of India, between Sri Lanka and India, which produced some of the finest pearls in the known ancient world. Chola Empire. Aditya I and his son Parantaka I expanded the kingdom to the northern parts of Tamil Nadu by defeating the last Pallava king, Aparajitavarman. Parantaka Chola II expanded the Chola empire into what is now interior Andhra Pradesh and coastal Karnataka, while under the great Rajaraja Chola and his son Rajendra Chola, the Cholas rose to a notable power in south east Asia. Now the Chola Empire stretched as far as Bengal and Sri Lanka. At its peak, the empire spanned almost 3,6. Rajaraja Chola conquered all of peninsular south India and parts of Sri Lanka. Rajendra Chola's navy went even further, occupying coasts from Burma (now ) to Vietnam, the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Lakshadweep, Sumatra, Java, Malaya, Philippines. He defeated Mahipala, the king of Bengal, and to commemorate his victory he built a new capital and named it Gangaikonda Cholapuram. The Cholas were prolific temple builders right from the times of the first medieval king Vijayalaya Chola. These are the earliest specimen of Dravidian temples under the Cholas. His son Aditya I built several temples around the Kanchi and Kumbakonam regions. The Cholas went on to becoming a great power and built some of the most imposing religious structures in their lifetime and they also renovated temples and buildings of the Pallavas, acknowledging their common socio- religious and cultural heritage. The celebrated Nataraja temple at Chidambaram and the Sri Ranganathaswami Temple at Srirangam held special significance for the Cholas which have been mentioned in their inscriptions as their tutelary deities. Rajaraja Chola I and his son Rajendra Chola built temples such as the Brihadeshvara Temple of Thanjavur and Brihadeshvara Temple of Gangaikonda Cholapuram, the Airavatesvara Temple of Darasuram and the Sarabeswara (Shiva) Temple, also called the Kampahareswarar Temple at Thirubhuvanam, the last two temples being located near Kumbakonam. The first three of the above four temples are titled Great Living Chola Temples among the UNESCOWorld Heritage Sites. Architecture from Chola period From left to right: Airavatesvara Temple at Darasuram; Natarajan, Shiva as celestial dancer; and Parvathi, the consort of Shiva. Vijayanagar and Nayak period (1. The Vijayanagara empire eventually conquered the entire Tamil country by c. Battle of Talikota in 1. Deccan sultanates. Subsequently, as the Vijayanagara Empire went into decline after the mid- 1. Nayaks, succeeded in gaining the trappings of independence. This eventually resulted in the further weakening of the empire; many Nayaks declared themselves independent, among whom the Nayaks of Madurai and Tanjore were the first to declare their independence, despite initially maintaining loose links with the Vijayanagara kingdom. The Nayaks of Madurai and Nayaks of Thanjavur were the most prominent of Nayaks in the 1. They reconstructed some of the well- known temples in Tamil Nadu such as the Meenakshi Temple. Power struggles of the 1. The fall of the Vijayanagara empire and the Chandragiri Nayakas gave the sultanate of Golconda a chance to expand into the Tamil heartland. When the sultanate was incorporated into the Mughal Empire in 1. Tamil Nadu was administrated by the nawab of the Carnatic, who had his seat in Arcot from 1. Meanwhile, to the south, the fall of the Thanjavur Nayaks led to a short lived Thanjavur Maratha kingdom. The fall of the Madurai Nayaks brought up many small Nayakars of southern Tamil Nadu, who ruled small parcels of land called palayams. The chieftains of these Palayams were known as Palaiyakkarar (or 'polygar' as called by British) and were ruling under the nawabs of the Carnatic. Europeans started to establish trade centres during the 1. Around 1. 60. 9, the Dutch established a settlement in Pulicat. British constructed Fort St. The British and French were competing to expand the trade in the northern parts of Tamil Nadu which also witnessed many battles like Battle of Wandiwash as part of the Seven Years' War. Nawabs of the Carnatic bestowed tax revenue collection rights on the East India Company for defeating the Kingdom of Mysore. Muhammad Ali Khan Wallajah surrendered much of his territory to the East India Company which firmly established the British in the northern parts. In 1. 76. 2, a tripartite treaty was signed between Thanjavur Maratha, Carnatic and the British by which Thanjavur became a vassal of the Nawab of the Carnatic which eventually ceded to British. In the south, Nawabs granted taxation rights to the British which led to conflicts between British and the Palaiyakkarar, which resulted in series of wars called Polygar war to establish independent states by the aspiring Palaiyakkarar. Puli Thevar was one of the earliest opponents of the British rule in South India. Rani Velu Nachiyar, was the first woman freedom fighter of India and Queen of Sivagangai. Before her death, Queen Velu Nachi granted powers to the Maruthu brothers to rule Sivaganga. Veeran Sundaralingam (1. General of Kattabomman Nayakan's palayam, who died in the process of blowing up a British ammunition dump in 1. British soldiers to save Kattapomman Palace. Oomaithurai, younger brother of Kattabomman, took asylum under the Maruthu brothers, Periya Marudhu and Chinna Marudhu and raised an army. Download Mp. 3 Songs, Mp. Songs, Bollywood Music, Indian Movie Songs, Hindi Music, Indian Mp. Ringtones, Callertunes. Upcoming Movies/Album. Meri Pyaari Bindu 2. Bahubali 2 The Conclusion 2. Begum Jaan 2. 01. Laali Ki Shaadi Mein Laddoo Deewana 2. Bollywood Movies/Albums Archive. Top Searched Latest Mp. 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